Cordelia
I grew up in Didsbury, daughter of a librarian and a mechanic. My dad fixed engines; my mum organised knowledge. I wanted to combine both: to understand how minds work and to fix what was broken. When my younger brother struggled with anxiety as a teenager, I watched him navigate a mental health system that was kind but overstretched. The nurses who helped him were brilliant, but there were never enough of them. I knew then what I wanted to do.
I worked as a healthcare assistant at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust for three years after my A-levels at Loreto College. Three years of learning the rhythms of the wards, of watching patients and understanding what they needed, of saving money for university. I had excellent grades, direct healthcare experience, and a clear sense of purpose. When I applied to the University of Manchester nursing programme in 2019, I thought the hard part was behind me.
"The mental health nursing cohort is full," the admissions office told me over the phone. "We have a limited number of training places allocated by Health Education England."
I asked when I could reapply. The following year, they said. The constraint wasn't my qualifications or my experience. It was something called a cap.
I reapplied in 2020, with another year of healthcare experience and a reference from my ward manager that described me as one of the most dedicated healthcare assistants she had worked with. "Unfortunately, we still don't have available places," came the same voice from the same office. "The allocation hasn't increased."
I worked another year on the wards, watching the same understaffing issues I had seen the year before and the year before that. Shifts where we ran with half the mental health nurses we needed. Patients waiting longer for assessments because there weren't enough qualified staff to see them. I applied a third time in 2021.
This time, they accepted me. But there was a condition. "The course will be delayed six months due to budget pressures," the letter said. "Health Education England has confirmed funding for September 2022 but not March 2022."
Six months. Two and a half years after my first application, I would finally be allowed to start training to do the job that everyone agreed needed doing. I accepted, of course. What choice did I have?
During the delay, I decided to visit the nursing school at the university. I wanted to see the facilities, to imagine myself there. What I found confused me. Entire floors of empty simulation labs, with state-of-the-art equipment sitting unused. Lecture theatres that could seat 200 students, dark and locked. Computer suites with dozens of terminals, all switched off.
I found the admissions office and asked the question that had been building for two and a half years. "Why can't you run more cohorts? You clearly have the space."
The woman behind the desk was kind but tired. She had probably answered this question before. "We have the facilities," she said, "but not the funding allocation from Health Education England. There is no funding for additional places."
I walked back through those empty labs, past those unused lecture theatres, thinking about what she had said. There is no funding. But for what, exactly? The building existed. The equipment existed. The lecturers existed - I had met some of them at open days, enthusiastic experts who clearly loved teaching. The students existed - I knew dozens of healthcare assistants who wanted to train as nurses and couldn't get places.
I started my course in September 2022. During our first week, our programme leader mentioned that they had turned away 300 qualified applicants for our cohort of 40 mental health nursing students. Three hundred people who wanted to do this work, who met the entry requirements, who could have filled those empty labs and lecture theatres.
"Why?" I asked during a break.
"Health Education England sets the numbers," she said. "HM Treasury sets Health Education England's budget. The Treasury says there is no money."
I thought about this as I walked home through Didsbury that evening. The Treasury - the department of the government that issues British pounds - had told the people who train nurses that it could not find enough pounds to train the nurses that the NHS needed. The government that creates the currency had declared itself unable to afford enough of that currency to connect willing students to available teachers in existing buildings.
I started to understand that "there is no funding" was not a description of reality. It was a choice wrapped in the language of impossibility. The constraint was never the money. The constraint was the willingness to spend the money into the places where it was needed.
Now, two years into my training, I see it everywhere. Healthcare assistants on my placement wards who have been trying to get onto nursing courses for years. Empty training places in other universities because the overall cap means students cannot move between programmes even when spaces exist. Buildings designed for teaching standing half-empty while hospitals run critically short of qualified staff.
The people exist. The skills can be taught. The materials are available. The lecturers are ready. The patients need us. What is missing is not money - the government prints that - but the political decision to spend it where it is most needed.
I used to accept the excuse that "there was no money." I hear it differently now. The government that prints the notes and mints the coins told me it could not find enough of them to train the people who were standing right there, ready to work. The real question was never about money. It was about whether the people existed, whether the skills could be taught, whether the materials were available. They were. All of them.
The excuse was not a fact. It was a choice wrapped in the language of impossibility. It is the same logic as a household that says "we cannot afford it," except a household does not issue its own currency. The government does. The limit was never the money. The limit was the willingness to spend it into the places and the people who needed it.
This is not just my story. It is happening in every constituency where qualified people want to train for work that desperately needs doing, while someone in Westminster calculates that the government cannot afford to let them. The calculation is wrong. The government that issues the pound cannot run out of pounds. It can only choose not to spend them.
Fake Experts
What Cordelia experienced has a name.
Using unqualified or misleading sources to manufacture doubt about what the data clearly shows.
In the 1950s, tobacco companies paid scientists to dispute the link between smoking and cancer. These weren't independent researchers following evidence; they were experts-for-hire, selected because their conclusions supported the industry's profits. The fake expertise wasn't in their credentials but in their purpose: to make corporate interests sound like scientific consensus.
The same technique operates in Cordelia's story. When Health Education England said "there is no funding," they cited economists and policy advisers who treat the household budget analogy as self-evident. These experts repeat the myth that governments must "find" money before spending it, as though the institution that issues the currency could run out of currency. They ignore the economists who understand that monetary sovereignty works differently, selecting only those voices that support spending constraints.
"Economists say we cannot spend more on health without causing inflation." Which economists? The profession is divided. Many macroeconomists argue the binding constraint is real capacity, not currency. "Economists say" without naming them is an appeal to unnamed authority.
The UK government issues its own currency. The real constraint was never pounds but resources: qualified teachers, willing students, available buildings. In Cordelia's case, all three existed. The decision not to connect them was political, not financial.